LEGAL STATUS OF A PEASANT WOMAN IN THE 1920–1930S IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR

Abstract

The world community, including the United Nations, International Labor Organization, and others, attribute questions about the provisions of a woman to global problems of mankind. That is why the article investigated the process of forming a new image of a woman proposed by Ukrainian society by the Soviet ideology in the 1920s. And since 70% of women at that time lived in the village, our research is devoted to the very legal status of a peasant woman. The legal, economic and social status of women in the investigated years had an ideological nature, since it was the need to use the resource of women in various spheres of production. But the main event of these years is that innovations were introduced into the Constitution. The Constitution of the USRR of 1919 indirectly consolidated women as citizens the right to choose and be elected. A clearly expressed formulation of sexual equality in this document is not recorded. But this emphasized class proletarian unity. The Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR in 1929 in Art. 66 notes: “The right to elect and be elected to the councils have, regardless of gender, faith, race, nationality, settlement, etc., such citizens of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic that they have been 18 years before the election day”. In the Constitution of the USSR in 1936 it is noted that a woman in the USSR is provided equal to the rights with a man in all spheres of economic, state, cultural and sociopolitical life. Similar in content was the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR in 1937. In agriculture, women who were forced to study male professions (tractors, combine industry, mechanizers, etc.) have begun through the lack of men. The need to attract women to the social sector of production arose under conditions of shortage of time and means of adaptation to traditionally male jobs under the physical and psychological features of women. Because of great physical and psychological loads, because women in addition to working in collective farms were to take care of children and their own household, in women’s peasants began health problems, there was an early aging. All these side effects were nothing compared to the tasks of the party – who and what price will do them at all interested in the state leadership. It was only the beginning of the formation of a totalitarian society, but it clearly follows a course for obtaining all human.