RESULTS OF THE LAND REFORM DURING THE TIMES OF THE HETMANAT OF P. SKOROPADSKY

Abstract

The article highlights the peculiarities of the land reform, which was carried out during the time of Hetmanat P. Skoropadskyi. It is emphasized that one of the key issues in the field of economic policy of the Hetmanate period was the agrarian issue, since land for the Ukrainian peasant has always been a symbol of economic independence, a guarantee of material well-being. It is noted that the political and social context of the times of the Ukrainian State was very complex, which complicated the implementation of land reform and led to different points of view among Ukrainian figures and intelligentsia. It is indicated that the formation of P. Skoropadskyi's views on the key principles of land reform was influenced by several key factors, in particular, the fact that the hetman was a supporter of the Stolypin reform and actively supported the ideas of farming, since, in his opinion, private farms can be quite productive. The Ukrainian hetman also relied on the program platform of the Ukrainian People's Community (UNH) and the position of the Ukrainian Democratic-Bread Party. It is also emphasized that the hetman had to take into account the conditions set by the German command. The Germans saw a solution to the land issue in the restoration of private property and payment by the peasants of the land they received. They also considered it rational to preserve larger landholdings to maintain the productivity of the agricultural sector. It is noted that from the very beginning, this reform faced many contradictions and different views of key players, such as the Union of Landowners, Protofis, the German command, Ukrainian political parties and the peasant resistance. It is emphasized that all these groups had different interests and vectors of development, which created a conflict atmosphere and made it difficult to harmonize their views. It is noted that despite the promising beginning, the land reform was not successfully implemented during the period of the Ukrainian state. It is indicated that the land reform was one of the factors that led to the fall of the hetman's power.