PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF KHERSON GOVERNANCE IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES IN UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

Abstract

The article attempts a comparative analysis of the Soviet and modern historiography of the social and political movement in Ukraine in the last third of the 19th and early 20th centuries on the example of the northern districts of the Kherson province. An overview of research on such important problems as: the development of the private press in Yelysavetgrad at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the activities of political parties and public associations in the northern districts of the Kherson province, and the participation of national minorities in the social life of Southern Ukraine was carried out. A comparative section of the Soviet and modern historiography of the study of these subjects occupies an important place in the study. Each historical school has its own characteristic features that form a separate discourse when considering entire areas of historical knowledge. Soviet historiography is known for its adherence to the principle of partisanship, when when evaluating a certain phenomenon or personality, considerable attention is paid to its political orientation according to the dichotomy of opposition between the left and the right (with the prevailing interest of the Bolsheviks and, later, the Communists). But a separate point is the emphasis on the socio-economic factor of the development of society, which is recognized as important in historiography, regardless of the relationship to Soviet historical science. This experience, despite the existing shortcomings, must be studied with a view to the prejudice of repeating mistakes and absolutizing individual conclusions. Modern Ukrainian historiography of the issue is distinguished by greater opportunities for choosing research approaches. Researchers are not obliged to follow a specific discourse, and the basis for reaching independent conclusions is created. This allows you to examine the problem from several different points of view and positions, which provides for a more comprehensive picture in the future. The place of the national question in modern historical science deserves special attention, since in Soviet historiography it was leveled by a class approach and discriminated against.