RENTAL INDUSTRY OF THE CITIES OF LEFT-BANK UKRAINE IN THE 20S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

In the article, using a wide range of sources, primarily materials of the State Archives of Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv regions, as well as collections of documents and materials, statistical collections and reference books, periodicals, the author made an attempt to investigate the rental industry of the cities of Left-Bank Ukraine in the 1920s, the peculiarities of its existence in the conditions of a new economic policy. The general situation in which the industry found itself in the early 1920s is described, the reasons why the authorities resorted to renting out enterprises are indicated. Specific examples show the mechanism of leasing an enterprise, name the main enterprises that were rented/leased – mills, oil mills, printing houses, bricks, tartaks, soap factories, leather factories, etc. It is noted that not all leased enterprises succeeded, worked with profits. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the private trader was a better tenant than cooperatives, especially if it was a former owner, although the latter was preferred to rent. Nevertheless, despite various difficulties, the goal of the authorities to restore industrial enterprises through their lease was achieved, the rental campaign paid off. At the same time, it was emphasized that since the mid-20s, when most of the enterprises were restored, the private trader was unnecessary, it is beginning to be squeezed out of the market by resorting to various regulatory and restrictive measures, among which were increased tax pressure; revision of lease terms; limiting or even completely terminating financial assistance; setting fixed prices for products of private industry, etc. As a result, by the end of the 1920s private trader from the industrial market was almost completely ousted. In conclusion, the author concludes that despite the generally positive results of the rental campaign, state in the second half of the 20s. She fought with a private trader despite the fact that it was he who made a lot of efforts to restore industry in the difficult post-revolutionary-war period.