THE SOVIET SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM’S RESTORE AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIRST POSTWAR DECADE IN VOLYN REGION

Abstract

The education was and it is an important sphere of life society. And the formation of worldview and personality start with it. Mostly the education determines the sphere of spiritual values and it displays the general level of society development. It can become like an effective tool of influence on the society. The Soviet totalitarian regime of the period under study and its educational system is one of bright examples of a prosess where the educational sector is a mean of political and ideoligical influence. The prosess of the Soviet Education System’s restore in Volyn Region in the first postwar decade is analyzed in this article. The period of 1944 – the beginning of 1950s became one of the hardest in the development of the public education. First of all, the reason is in postwar years difficulties. They are household and econimlc ruin, huge human losses, a confrontation on national grounds and the whole rebuild of all life spheres according to Soviet model. The main atention is concentrated on the formation of the typical Soviet Education System that was accompanied by an ideological pressure of public authorities and leveling national differences. At the same time the public policy in a field of education of the studied period had an aim to restore and develop the school network, to eliminate illiteracy and low literacy of the population, to perform the law “About the General Studying”, that could help to increase the amount of children in school education. The reasons of lack quality dynamics in pupils’ increasing in region schools were considered in the article. The significant role of the deportation action was carried out in the western region by the Soviet authorities during the second half of the 1940s, as well as the confrontation between the OUN and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army on the one hand and the Soviet authorities on the other one, which ended only in the early 1950s.