KGB PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST UKRAINIAN POST-SIXTIES DISSIDENT ACTIVISTS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1970S

Abstract

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the features of the use of preventive measures by the State Security Committee (KGB) against the post-sixties dissident environment in the second half of the 1970s.The methodological basis of the article was the principles of objectivity, historicism, comprehensiveness, continuity, as well as a complex of general scientific and special-historical methods. The work used methods of analysis and synthesis, problem-chronological, retrospective, comparison and comparison of information from various sources. The basis of the source base is the materials of the report notes of the leadership of the Ukrainian republican KGB addressed to party leaders and the Moscow center, which are concentrated in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSA SSU). The author concludes that the preventive and preventive measures of the KGB in the second half of the 1970s became one of the key instruments of the Soviet repressive policy against Ukrainian dissidents-post-sixties.Using a network of agents, personal contacts, pressure through official structures and the capabilities of the Soviet media, the special service sought to neutralize the activity of the intelligentsia, to induce dissidents to public repentance and gradual isolation from like-minded people. The scale and systematic nature of this activity contributed to a significant reduction in the dissident environment and narrowing the space for public resistance. Despite the absence of open mass repressions against the post-sixties environment, such as in the early 1970s, it was preventive methods that combined elements of psychological pressure, discredit and material incentives that proved extremely effective in disorganizing the movement. They not only paralyzed the activity of many dissidents, but also dealt a serious blow to the moral state of the environment, undermined trust between its participants and prevented the mass involvement of the younger generation of Ukrainians in opposition activities. As a result, this became an important factor in the decline of the dissident movement in Ukraine in the early 1980s.